CJC-1295: what the research says.
Last updated May 22, 2026
A synthetic analog of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), engineered to survive the bloodstream long enough to do its job. The DAC variant pushes its half-life from minutes to days by latching onto endogenous albumin. Here is what the published research supports, where the evidence ends, and why it sits in regulatory limbo.
Regulatory notice: CJC-1295 is currently classified as an FDA Category 2 bulk drug substance. As of April 2026, licensed compounding pharmacies are not legally permitted to prepare or dispense it. CJC-1295 is not offered by PepScribe. This page is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or an offer to sell any product.
On February 27, 2026, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced an intent to reclassify certain peptides, potentially including CJC-1295. This announcement has not been formally published in the Federal Register and carries no legal effect until it is. Do not interpret this page as confirmation that CJC-1295’s legal status has changed or that PepScribe will offer it in the future.
What CJC-1295 is.
CJC-1295 is a synthetic 30-amino-acid analog of the first 29 residues of endogenous growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29), also known as sermorelin), with four amino acid substitutions (D-Ala at position 2, Gln at position 8, Ala at position 15, Leu at position 27) that make the molecule resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) cleavage and trypsin-like proteolysis. Native GHRH has a circulating half-life of roughly 7 minutes. The substituted CJC-1295 backbone alone (sometimes called "modified GRF(1-29)" or CJC-1295 without DAC) extends that to roughly 30 minutes.
The compound was developed by ConjuChem, Inc., a Montreal-based biotech that specialized in albumin-binding drug conjugates. The signature innovation was the Drug Affinity Complex, abbreviated DAC: a maleimidopropionic acid linker attached at the lysine residue that, once injected, forms a covalent thioether bond with the free cysteine-34 thiol on circulating human serum albumin. Bound to albumin, the peptide inherits albumin's roughly 19-day plasma half-life, evades renal clearance, and remains pharmacologically active for days. The clinical literature places the effective half-life of CJC-1295 with DAC at approximately 6 to 8 days.
In practice, two distinct molecules are sold under the same name. CJC-1295 with DAC is the long-acting depot form, dosed once or twice weekly. CJC-1295 without DAC, often called "Mod GRF(1-29)" in the research-chemical market, is a short-acting GHRH analog dosed multiple times per day to mimic physiological pulsatility. They are pharmacokinetically very different drugs, and the literature usually specifies which one was studied.
How it works (proposed mechanisms).
Pituitary somatotroph stimulation
CJC-1295 binds the GHRH receptor on anterior pituitary somatotrophs, which is the same receptor activated by endogenous GHRH and sermorelin. Receptor activation triggers cyclic AMP signaling and pulsatile growth hormone release. Because the pituitary itself remains the gate, somatostatin feedback and pituitary capacity continue to govern how much GH is released per pulse, which is the proposed safety advantage over exogenous GH injection.
Engineered protease stability
Native GHRH is cleaved at the Ala2-Asp3 bond by DPP-IV within minutes of release. The D-Ala substitution at position 2 in CJC-1295 blocks DPP-IV recognition. The Gln, Ala, and Leu substitutions at positions 8, 15, and 27 reduce trypsin and chymotrypsin susceptibility. These changes alone do not produce a long-acting drug, they produce a drug that survives long enough for the DAC linker to find albumin.
In-vivo half-life extension
The lysine-maleimide DAC linker reacts with the free thiol on Cys34 of circulating albumin, forming a covalent thioether bond. The peptide-albumin conjugate behaves pharmacokinetically like albumin itself: very slow renal clearance, long circulation time, sustained plasma levels. Teichman et al. (2006) measured detectable CJC-1295-albumin complex for more than a week after a single subcutaneous dose.
Sustained downstream signaling
Pulsatile GH release from the pituitary stimulates hepatic IGF-1 production. In the Teichman 2006 trial, healthy adults receiving CJC-1295 with DAC showed mean GH levels elevated 2 to 10-fold and IGF-1 levels elevated 1.5 to 3-fold over baseline, with the effect sustained for 6 days or more after a single dose. This sustained IGF-1 elevation is also why clinical use requires monitoring (see Safety, below).
Mechanistic claims here are limited to receptor pharmacology and pharmacokinetics demonstrated in the published literature. Long-term clinical outcomes data in healthy adults remain limited.
What the research suggests.
CJC-1295 has more peer-reviewed Phase 1/2 data than most peptides in the FDA regulatory ambiguity, anchored by the ConjuChem development program in the mid-2000s. Outside that window, the literature thins out.
Teichman et al. 2006 (the foundational trial)
Teichman, Neale, Lawrence, Le Rouzic, Sweeney, and Mottin published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2006, vol. 91, pp. 799-805) the pivotal Phase 1 study of CJC-1295 with DAC in healthy adults. Single ascending subcutaneous doses (30 to 250 micrograms per kilogram) were administered, with multiple-dose follow-up. The trial reported dose-dependent, sustained increases in mean GH and IGF-1 over a one-week observation window, with no rebound deficit and a tolerability profile dominated by injection-site reactions. This remains the most-cited primary reference for CJC-1295 pharmacology.
HIV-associated lipodystrophy (Phase 2)
ConjuChem advanced CJC-1295 into Phase 2 trials targeting HIV-associated lipodystrophy, the visceral fat redistribution and metabolic disturbance that became common with early antiretroviral regimens. The mechanistic rationale paralleled tesamorelin (a separately developed GHRH analog that did receive FDA approval for this indication in 2010): pulsatile GH stimulation reducing visceral adipose tissue. ConjuChem's program did not reach FDA approval and was discontinued, with limited published data available beyond conference abstracts.
Adult growth hormone deficiency context
GHRH analogs as a class (sermorelin, tesamorelin, and the experimental CJC-1295 program) are studied for adult growth hormone deficiency on the premise that stimulating endogenous pituitary release is preferable to exogenous recombinant GH. Sermorelin had FDA approval for pediatric GHD before its 2008 voluntary withdrawal for commercial reasons, and tesamorelin remains FDA-approved for HIV lipodystrophy. CJC-1295 with DAC was positioned as a longer-acting member of the same class but never completed pivotal trials.
Pairing with ipamorelin (clinical practice)
In compounding-pharmacy clinical practice, CJC-1295 (typically the non-DAC short-acting form) is often co-administered with ipamorelin, a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist in the GHRP family. GHRH analogs and GHRPs activate distinct receptors with synergistic effects on GH release: GHRH increases the amplitude of pituitary pulses, while GHRPs reduce somatostatin tone and recruit additional somatotrophs. The synergy was first characterized for GHRH plus GHRP-6 (Bowers and colleagues, 1990s) and is the conceptual basis for the modern CJC-1295/ipamorelin pairing. Note that this combination has not been studied in large registration trials, and dosing protocols are not standardized.
Exercise, training, and body composition
Interest in CJC-1295 outside formal medical contexts traces to the broader literature on GH and exercise: GH pulses naturally rise with deep sleep and resistance training, and chronic GH replacement in adult GHD patients improves lean mass and reduces visceral fat. Whether stimulating modest GH pulses with a GHRH analog reproduces those effects in non-deficient adults is not well-established by published trials. Most claims circulating online rest on theoretical extrapolation from the GH-axis literature rather than controlled studies of CJC-1295 itself in healthy adults.
DAC vs. non-DAC: a critical distinction.
When research, clinicians, or compounding pharmacies say "CJC-1295," they may mean two pharmacokinetically very different drugs. The distinction matters clinically.
CJC-1295 with DAC
- Half-life: roughly 6 to 8 days
- Dosing: typically once or twice weekly
- Effect: sustained "GH bleed" rather than discrete pulses
- Trial reference: Teichman et al. 2006
- Profile: convenience and steady IGF-1 elevation
CJC-1295 without DAC (Mod GRF(1-29))
- Half-life: roughly 30 minutes
- Dosing: typically multiple times per day
- Effect: pulsatile, mimics physiological GHRH release
- Often paired with ipamorelin in compounded protocols
- Profile: closer to native GH-axis biology
Some clinicians prefer the non-DAC form on the rationale that pulsatile GH release is the physiological pattern, and continuous receptor stimulation may blunt sensitivity over time. Others prefer DAC for adherence reasons. The comparative outcomes data in healthy adults is essentially absent.
Administration (research context).
Both forms are administered by subcutaneous injection. The Teichman 2006 trial used single subcutaneous doses ranging from 30 to 250 micrograms per kilogram for the DAC form. Compounding-pharmacy protocols have generally used much smaller fixed weekly or twice-weekly doses (typically 1 to 2 milligrams per week for the DAC form, divided), reflecting the practice shift away from peak-dose pharmacology.
The non-DAC form is typically dosed in micrograms (commonly 100 to 300 mcg per dose, two to three times daily, often timed before sleep to coincide with natural GH pulses).
This is research context, not prescribing guidance. Dosing for any GH-axis agent should be determined by a qualified clinician with access to your medical history and IGF-1 baselines, not by reading a peptide article.
Side effects & safety considerations.
The safety profile is broadly consistent with other GHRH-axis agents (sermorelin, tesamorelin), with the long-acting DAC form raising particular questions about sustained IGF-1 elevation.
Reported side effects
- Injection-site reactions (redness, itching, transient nodules)
- Fluid retention, peripheral edema
- Joint stiffness or arthralgia
- Carpal tunnel symptoms (typical of GH-axis activation)
- Transient changes in insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose drift
- Headache, flushing, occasional nausea after injection
- Possible hyperprolactinemia (less consistent in the literature)
Why clinical screening matters
GH and IGF-1 are mitogenic. Sustained elevation has theoretical implications for any patient with a personal or family history of cancer, particularly hormone-sensitive malignancies. Active or recent cancer is generally a contraindication for GH-axis stimulation. Diabetes and prediabetes complicate the picture because GH is counter-regulatory to insulin. Pituitary disease, intracranial hypertension, severe respiratory impairment, and pregnancy are additional contraindications shared with other GH-axis agents. IGF-1 monitoring during use is standard clinical practice for this drug class.
Long-term data limits
Long-term safety data on CJC-1295 with DAC in healthy adults is limited. The ConjuChem program never reached pivotal Phase 3 trials. The closest long-term safety analog is tesamorelin, which has FDA approval and multi-year safety data in HIV lipodystrophy patients. Whether tesamorelin safety generalizes to CJC-1295 with DAC is an extrapolation, not a conclusion.
Consult a qualified clinician before considering any GH-axis peptide therapy. This information is educational and does not replace medical advice or individualized risk assessment.
Legal status.
CJC-1295 is not FDA-approved as a finished drug for any indication. It sits in the FDA's compounding regulatory ambiguity: removed from Category 2 in the spring 2026 reorganization but not formally placed on Category 1, with a Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) review pending. As of April 15, 2026, several 503A pharmacies are compounding CJC-1295 on the interpretation that removal from Category 2 lifts the prohibition on preparing it.
That interpretation is not formally settled. Until the PCAC review concludes and FDA issues final classification, the drug occupies a regulatory limbo where compounding occurs under clinician prescription but the long-term legal status is uncertain.
International picture: CJC-1295 has never received marketing approval in any major regulatory jurisdiction (FDA, EMA, PMDA, Health Canada). Tesamorelin, a structurally related GHRH analog, did achieve FDA approval (2010) and EMA approval for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Sermorelin (the unmodified GHRH(1-29) parent compound) had US pediatric GHD approval until its 2008 voluntary withdrawal.
Gray-market vials labeled "CJC-1295" sold as research chemicals come without pharmaceutical-grade quality assurance, identity verification, or sterility guarantees. The "DAC vs. non-DAC" distinction is also frequently mishandled outside licensed compounding contexts.
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CJC-1295 sits in regulatory limbo and requires careful screening for cancer history, glucose control, and pituitary health. PepScribe's intake routes you to a clinician who can review the full picture and discuss legal, evidence-backed alternatives.